OpenAI supply chain risk
As of 2026-10-09, OpenAI depends on 11 tracked suppliers headquartered in 3 countries (8 of them in the United States). 5 of those suppliers hold a monopoly or leader position in their own segment, led by NVIDIA, TSMC and Broadcom. OpenAI itself carries a supply-chain criticality score of 1/100, with 2 tracked companies downstream of it.
Data as of 2026-10-09 · suppliers are the curated key_supplier edges in the wafergraph dataset (researched or segment-inferred — see /methodology) · criticality is the graph-derived chokepoint score, 0–100
Dominant and single-source suppliers
- NVIDIA — leader in GPU & AI Accelerators, United States
- TSMC — leader in Pure-Play Foundry, Taiwan
- Broadcom — leader in Networking Silicon, United States
- CoreWeave — leader in GPU Clouds (Neoclouds), United States
- ASE Technology — leader in Outsourced Assembly & Test, Taiwan
A monopoly or leader supplier is the hardest to replace. These are the edges to watch first.
Suppliers by country
- United States — 8 suppliers (73%)
- Taiwan — 2 suppliers (18%)
- Netherlands — 1 supplier (9%)
All 11 tracked suppliers
| Supplier | Segment | Position | Country | Criticality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | GPU & AI Accelerators | leader | United States | 81/100 |
| TSMC | Pure-Play Foundry | leader | Taiwan | 81/100 |
| Broadcom | Networking Silicon | leader | United States | 81/100 |
| CoreWeave | GPU Clouds (Neoclouds) | leader | United States | 81/100 |
| ASE Technology | Outsourced Assembly & Test | leader | Taiwan | 81/100 |
| AMD | CPU | major | United States | 68/100 |
| Oracle | Hyperscalers | major | United States | 3/100 |
| Cerebras Systems | GPU & AI Accelerators | challenger | United States | 6/100 |
| Crusoe Energy | GPU Clouds (Neoclouds) | challenger | United States | 57/100 |
| Nebius Group | GPU Clouds (Neoclouds) | challenger | Netherlands | 1/100 |
| Microsoft | Custom Silicon Designers | niche | United States | 5/100 |
Downstream exposure
- Criticality score: 1/100
- Companies downstream of OpenAI: 2
- Tracked market cap downstream (priced companies only): $4.97T across 1 priced companies
Frequently asked questions3
- How many suppliers does OpenAI have?
- wafergraph tracks 11 key suppliers for OpenAI, across 3 countries.
- Which of OpenAI's suppliers are single-source risks?
- NVIDIA, TSMC, Broadcom, CoreWeave and ASE Technology hold monopoly or leader positions in their segments, which makes them the hardest suppliers for OpenAI to replace.
- What is OpenAI's supply-chain criticality score?
- OpenAI scores 1/100 on wafergraph's chokepoint criticality index, with 2 tracked companies downstream.
Cite as: wafergraph, “OpenAI supply chain risk — 11 suppliers, single-source exposure & criticality”, https://wafergraph.com/supply-chain-risk/openai (data as of 2026-10-09).
Open OpenAI's supplier graph →
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